Soal No.144 Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Text 1

Scientists are trying to fabricate diamonds at lower temperatures. Diamonds' ability to deal with high electrical voltages and effectively disperse heat makes them valuable in the semiconductor sector. However, enormous heat is often needed to create diamonds.

The researchers are trying to find ways to grow diamonds at lower temperatures without losing quality. They discovered that acetylene, a gas, can help grow diamonds but can also create soot, which is not useful. The key is to control the temperature. Above a certain temperature, acetylene helps grow diamonds. Below that temperature, it creates soot. Soot is a mass of impure carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons.

Soot is considered a hazardous substance with carcinogenic properties.

Hydrogen also plays a role in diamond growth. Hydrogen dissociation is crucial for transforming methane into acetylene and transporting atomic hydrogen to the diamond growth surface. More hydrogen near the surface means more diamond can form, even at lower temperatures.

The researchers are also studying a special type of diamond called quantum diamond, which has nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. These NV centers are useful for quantum computing and sensing. The challenge is to add a single layer of hydrogen atoms to the diamond surface without damaging the NV centers.

Text 2

Carbon is a common element found in many things around us. It can form different materials, like diamond and soot, depending on how its atoms are arranged. Diamond is a form of carbon where the atoms are arranged in a crystal lattice. This structure makes diamond very hard and able to withstand high temperatures and pressures.

Diamonds are used in jewellery because they sparkle, but they are also important in industry. They can cut through hard materials and are used in electronics because they conduct heat well.

Soot is another form of carbon, but it is very different from diamond. Soot is made of tiny black particles that are produced when something burns incompletely, like wood or coal. It is often seen as black smoke from chimneys or car exhausts. Soot can be harmful to health If inhaled and can also cause pollution.

The difference between diamond and soot comes from how the carbon atoms are arranged. In diamonds, the atoms are tightly packed in a strong, regular pattern. In soot, the atoms are loosely arranged in a random pattern, making it soft and powdery.

Scientists are interested in how to control the formation of diamond and soot. By understanding the conditions that lead to each form, they can create diamonds in laboratories for various uses. For example, diamonds can be grown at lower temperatures to be used in electronics without damaging other components.

The word They in Text 2 Paragraph 1 refers to ....

1. Hard materials
2. Atoms
3. Temperatures and pressures
4. Diamonds
5. Electronics